Revolution
refers as the overthrowing of certain system of life and acquiring the modern
one which is more advance.
Industrial
revolution refers the system of economic and social political
changes that reflected the shift from the manufactured system based on manual
labor to large scale machine industry or is refer to social and economic
changes that mark the transitions from stable agriculture and commercial
societies to a modern
Background
of industrial revolution it seemed that in the period of 13th
and 16thc it was the periods of
revolutionary in economic changes as some historians argues, France is country
which in western European countries and German also which formed the result of
massive unification of small states like Prussian.
By 1914 the French
industrialization was still in complete in agriculture activities which did not
undergo extensive modernization and mechanize so the French peasant continued
and had the greater influence over industrial sector it was until 1931 that the urbanization
reached fifty percent so up to the 19th century Europe shaped into
two revolutions French and industrial revolution came with idea of liberty, fraternity
and equality.
Germany
industrial revolution started at the mid of the 18th century
under supervisions of Fredrick the great he emphasis the development of twining
and metallurgy before 1850 Germany was backward in agriculture. By 1914 had
become advanced in industrial and urbanized country in Europe. The development
of German influenced by influx of British, Belgium, Swiss and French, as the
result of this external influence region like Silesia, Saxons had experience
substantial industrialization by 1830 and 1850 Germany enjoy the growth of
coal, textile and iron industries.
At the end in 1870-1914
the growth of large scale industries in Europe continued rapidily example of
the countries was already strongest in economic growth of their industries is
like Britain, France, Belgium, German and others.
Industrialization
in France, the following are the steps or the stages of industrialization in
France,
The
down of the industrialization France
industrialization can be traced back at the period of 18th
centuary in 1750-1789 it was not along
term as it was short cut of the French revolution and napolionic wars 1792-1815
and in this period it seemed that the industrialization was occurred due to
increase of population and this situation led to the prevision of market and
availability of cheap labour for
industry “The industrial revolution profoundly modified much of human
experience”1
Drive
towards industrialization 1815-1850 many historians
explained this period like a periods of take off of French revolutionary
industry. And here the industrialization was supported by political stability
of the country , high quality of product of the material from industries and
also improvements of transport system such as canals and this were done at the
period of 1830 to 1840
The
upper stage of industrialization 1850-1870 in 1850-1870.At this period France had
acquired the characteristics of modern
industrial economy this achievement established by expansion of coal, iron, construction of railways and
engineering industries, Development of investment banks, Authority of
Napoleonic regime 1851-1870 Maintained internal political instability which was
conducive for industrial investment and innovation.
Drive
towards industrial maturity 1870-1914 at this period the
France attained substantial industrial and technological investment Germany and
Britain included there
Industrialization in
Germany at this periods of 1830-1950 German industries faced some of the
difficulties like that the country was not yet intergrated in the world
capitalist economy Agrarian revolution
was not yet, Agriculture depression and also Germans faced a lot of challenges
in developed countries like British which producing higher of quality and quantity goods.
Take
of periods of 1850-1873 during this periods it seemed that
Germany productions were increase for example during unifications of German production
were increase ,banking system also were improved there were success in military
activities, the transport and railways were also improved the population
increased and also government become
stable in political affairs.
Consolidation
stage during the period of 1873 to 1914 Germany become mature
industrial nation with high performance of economy throughout of Europe and
this changes enable the countries to increase the income per capital were grew,
there were high rate of manufacturing goods, and a half of the world trade
share the German electrical products and it seem that ninety percent of the
countries in the world buy those goods from the Germany.
The
following are the causes of the industrialization in France and Germany this
cause is as follows;
Scientific
Revolution it leads to the improvement of factory system
through the use of the machines rather than using labour this invention and
innovations contribution of scientific revolution it also led to the
improvement of agriculture through the use of fertilizer it also led the
improvement of transport system, constructions of canals and improvement of
railways.
So through scientic
revolution the industries was opened through innovations of steam engine
Which provide the power
source According to Steven and his follows “No single invented
the steam engine, the steam engine was culmination of the work of many people”2
Agriculture
Revolution due to the use of fertilizers the crops
were grown well and the productions were grown into higher percent and this helps
Germany and France to supply a lot of food stuffs into the other countries in
the worlds and this situation lead the economy of these countries become
higher.
Development
of investment banks through provision of loans and credits to the industrial development
of those countries and through provide different company within the state
example in 1852 the France bank provide credit which provide funds into
industry and the growth of stock companies. France and Germany encourage banks
development since it seemed that the most of the economist banks can generate
the state provision various sectors of economy example agriculture through loan
provision and subsidize.
Population
growth due to industrial revolution it seemed that the
population of France and Germany became higher and this help the constant
supply of labour in various sectors like in industries, mining, agriculture and
also this situation led the internal markets improved well due to the
availability of people who buys and sells and also the needs of food, shelter
and clothes were increased example in France help of population were increase
at the year of 1931 in the 19th century
“This
had happened already in the 1850’s and by 1914 nearly four-fifths of her
people lived in towns in Germany by the same time and date the figure
was about three fifths in France on the other hand where agriculture maintained
its old high place feather more people continue to live in the country than in
towns”3.
Commercial revolution,
this was the development of merchantalist which led to the gradual accumulation
of capital through accumulation of raw materials like minerals, ivory and cotton
from Africa during the triangular trade of 17th century it lead the
expansion of European industries. Germany it self made
the greatest industrial producers
in Europe by 1914’s she was behind Britain in the extent and value of her trade ,this was costed as follow’s
“From about 1870 Britain gradually cased to be the workshop of the world
but she remained the world main exporter, import and financier she was also
still the worlds main carrier owning by 1914 about three-sevenths of the world’s
total damage of shipping in Europe, Germany came next with about a quarter of
Britain tonnage and France third with less than half Germany’s”4
Establishment
of custom unions, this also one of the causes of
industrialization of Germany and France because it allow the overflow of goods
and service it remove trade barriers and through establishment of customs
unions it seem that the markets were expended and in hence the production increase, example favourable
commercial agreement with Britain and Belgium in 1841 and 1844 adopted common
commercial policy.
“Franche suddenly flooded with cheaper and
better English goods
in order to protect the French
economy, the French government
responded by lying high tarrifs on
many English imports”5
Occurrence
of iron and steel the presence of iron and coal from the
province of iron and coal from the province in Lorraine and during the period
of triangular trade between African and Europe the industrial revolution become
grown up due to the availability of those minerals which were used by the
industries to make different things like infrastructures, tools vehical and
soon.
Availability
of the resources especially energy resources for
industrial development in france and Germany iron and coal was needed by their
industries because it was used in domestic and industrial purposes for the
steam engine and water power uses around 19th century iron, mining
and industry was rapid expand ,iron provided raw materials for heavy industries
especially used in manufacturing different tools
“Well beyond 1914 coal remained by for the most
important source of European industrial energy, it was used for direct heat as
in metal smelting or for production of steam to drive locomotive ships and all
kinds of machinery often it was imployed in the form of coal gas”6
Occurrence
of good infrastructures this is about the existence of the
roads, railways, water transport, canals they are easy way for transportation
and communication, raw materials were transported from different productive
sectors to the industries most countries like Germany,Britain, and France their
transport are easy due to the presence of enough infrastructures
Effects
of industrials revolution in Germany and France the
following bellow are the effects of industrial revolution those effects as
follows
Employment
opportunities is among of the effects which leads with
the precence of industrial revolution a lot of the people get employment in
different sectors like agriculture sector ,mining sector at industrial sectors
and other organizations this situation makes the life of the people become well
people lives in good standards of life.
It
leads to the improvement of the social services
due to the industrial activities in France and Germany the social services like
electric ties, schools, hospitals water ,people become healthy due to the
presence of medicines. Growth of towns due to the presence of electricity’s and
soon
It
led to the stable government due to the industrial
revolution the France and Germany politically
they become well because their government are economically well there was
abandunt of foods people lives in high standards of life the countries are well
in military due to the availability of weapons which were manufactured by their
countries. And also due to the good leader ships of their leaders within their
countries.
Occurance
of towns it leads to the emergence of urbanizations and
increase in population continued for
instance between 1870 and 1914 every country in Europe develop a number of
large cities in Germany the same date the figure was about three to fifth
population and in france also so this situation lead the people to live in
towns and hence it leads to the growth of urbanizations.
It lead to the growth
per capital income for examples before the total industrialization in Germany
and France the income decreases to the extent that most of people started to
create the riots but after the emergence
of industrial revolution per capital income within the France and Germany
societies developed in all aspects of life that their in domestic and national
in terms of Gross product (GNP)
Devolopment of economy
in Europe industrial revolution bring development in the economy of European
countries like France and Germany due to the emergence of mechanized
Agriculture, trade and commercial developments to gether with mining so
through that situations we saw that how
those countries developed well.
“Though there was a good deal of
progress after the emancipation of the serfs the real sports begun in the 1890’s
with the appointment of the railway administrator sergins with as finance and
the beginning of direct state intervention in key industries this was greatly
helped by France”7
It
speed the movement of good and services it’s true that the industrial
revolution in European countries especially German and France the movement of
goods and services like finished goods from industries transferred from one
countries to another due to the presence of infrastructures so the materials
were transferred more easly through out
of the world.
“ This night both enlarge the
demand for European manufactured goods and at the same time make available to
Europe such large quantities of food or rawmaterials from the nearly accessible regions as to
alter greatly the previous patern of trade”8
Improvement of living standards
of the people due to the presence of industrial revolution many life of people
changed due to the availability of new materials from the industries people employment
in their industries the social services like school, hospital and other
services which are importance to the life of human being was also among of the
factors which cause the improvement of the standards of the people lives like
living in good houses ,having safe water and soon.
It
leads to the rice of profesionalist due to the
industrial revolution in Europe during 19th centuary it seemed that
due to the discover the steam engine the proffesionalist like james watt and
others were occur due to these process so those proffessionalists they used
they discover many things through maide with in their industries so this
situations leads leads the emergence of proffesionalists in different parts of
urope especially the France countries and Germany countries. According to the
Germany journalist and thinker Fredrick list 1789-1846 dedicated and wrote as follows,
“Wider the gap between the backward
and advanced nations
Becomes, the more dangerous it is
to remain behind”8
CONLUSION
To sum up the point
above all I was written is among of the causes and effects of industrial
revolution in Germany and France which
cause and the effects like
colonialization of African countries due to the needed of raw materials,
markets, areas for investments , cheep labour and potentialities of Africans
especially for agriculture and mining extractions and this situations led the
growth of urbanization, precence of good social services and the countries
become well in military activities
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Edward.Marcmall
Borns,Robert E.lerner.(1980) WORLD CIVILIZATIONS United states of
America,ww. Norton and company. Inc.
Kenneth clark. (1969) CIVILAZATION:
A PERSONAL VIEW, United states of
America: Newyork.
Mckay Hill Buckler.
(1992). A HISTORY OF WOLD SOCIETIES; Volume 11 Since 1500,Printed in U.S.A: New
York.
Palmer Cotton
Kramer, (2007). A HISTORY OF THE MODERN WORLD: SINCE 1815,
Published by mcgraw-Hill, a business unit of the mcgraw-Hill companies.
America: Newyork
T.walter wall band,
(1990), HISTORY AND LIFE, Scottland, Foresman
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