History is the records of past
human activities that are taking place on the earth surface. Teaching methods
are different principles and methods that are used to instruct students in a
learning environment.
The methods used by a teacher will depend
on the skills or information the teacher would like to convey to their
students. Some of the most common teaching methods are memorization, class
participation, recitation, and demonstration. While these teaching methods
are widely used, every instructor has a specific teaching
method. Teachers must be flexible in their methods and often adjust
their style of teaching to accommodate their students.
Efficient teaching
methods are essential tools that can help student’s achieve success
in the classroom. Each student has a different personality and learning
abilities. There are several factors that a teacher must consider when choosing
a teaching method for their students. Some determining factors for selecting
a teaching method include the student’s interest and background knowledge, as
well as their environment and learning abilities. Teachers also help their
students learn with various learning aids such as Auditory, Kinesthetic
(collaborating), and Visual. Instructors use these teaching methods to help
students understand and complete class assignments.
Teaching methods often include
lesson plans that students can use to help retain and recall
information. Various forms of teaching methods used with lesson plans are
explanation, demonstration, and collaboration. Explanation is similar to a
lecture that provides detailed information about a specific subject.
Demonstrations are used to provide visual learning opportunities from a
different viewpoint, and collaboration allows students to part
TYPES OF TEACHING METHOD;
There are two main types of teaching method
which are non-participatory method and participatory method, they are
considered as the major categories though on non-participatory methods only one
type’s can used which is lecture method. This can be applied in the high
population or large number of students in the class.
The following are the major methods of teaching that are applied as the
participatory methods of teaching especially in teaching history;
Story telling method, this is mainly
applied as the main method of teaching particularly in the low population. For
stance when teaching in the class you mainly may decide to choose the certain
topic and tell the story related so as to attract he students from
understanding of the lesson.
“In
the class a teacher ensure that the time scheduled in the time
Table the scheme of work the lesson
plan and the lesson notes
Are all flowing in a smooth way
contrary to the preacher who
Had no scheme of work,
lesson plan or table to follow.
This gives a teacher a special position and
Differentiation or her
from other professionals”
Demonstration method. Teaching
strategies is the careful plan of actions to achieve a goal, or the art of
developing, or carryout such a scheme.
This is an elaborate and systematic plan of Action. This are all plan
made to help learners to access the information. Teaching strategies can apply for this and
not for that. Teaching strategies should
aim at involving audio, visual, and audiovisual and kinesthetic. The
demonstration method may be applied in small class different from lecture
method that can be applied where the population is high.
Questions and answers method. This
method also refers to the system under which applied by teaching in the class
to make sure that the students are memorizing and assure the understanding is
becoming very high in class.
“The prior knowledge of the student is
considered to be of very important. From
this fountain is where the trench of knowledge is
dug to make a big and wide
canal of knowledge”[1].
So this assure the
students with the teacher to share deferments issues
Debates
method. This is applied by the teacher depending on the nature of the class
that whoever the class is small or large, it will enable a teacher to design on
the changes upon a class. For example;
“Attaining
of Instructional objectives depend on the method used.
If the objectives need the student to list,
mention or naming then the
Teaching method, Strategies and
Techniques must relate sting and mention”[2].
Example if the
instructional objective require student to make soap. The teaching method should be Experimental
and Demonstration.
The guest of honor. Guest is a person who is new/ stranger who
visiting a certain area with a certain purpose person who is not a native of
certain place This method is one of the methods that can be applied in teaching
history subject. Therefore under this method of teaching history a teacher is
supposed to share also some ideas with the student though more knowledge is
from the instructor.
“The prior knowledge of the student is considered
to be of very important.
From this fountain is where the trench of
knowledge is dug to make a big
And
wide canal of knowledge”[3].A
teacher is an artist as in fact teaching itself is an art that requires
somebody to create several methods or techniques to be applied teaching.
Explanation method. This is the method
under which the instructors tend to use the lesson notes from different sources
to brainstorming his or her student and assuring them to understand the lesson
as well. Here the teacher act as the main instructor and the students tend to
listen to him or her when explaining.
“This
should be done early in order to prepare
students psychologically, to rise
their morally and
aspiration, make them exited and to meet
the
emotional need of the
student”[4].
Study tour method. This method
applied in small class where a teacher is advised to take the students out of
the school compass so as to lean as from the different environment of study.
For ristance the teaching may take the student to the historical sites when
teaching them about the source of historical information. . (Title, status,
experience, Belief or Philosophy).
Explain the importance of credibility Cloud Said
“This
will make the student to know the importance of
the phenomenon that they are studying. By
doing that
then
the learner may believe in what they are taught”[5].
Under such method a
teaher has got the groung in eplainning the subject matters.
FACTORS
THAT DETERMINE THE CHOICE OF THE METHOD OF TEACHING IN HISTORY;
There are several
factors that determine the choice of the methods to applied in teaching history
subject
The nature of the learners.
For example the slow learners or fast learners. If the number of slow learners
in the class is higher than that of faster learners it will force a teacher to
use such a method that is very easier for those slow learners to understand the
lesson or subject maters., some of them
are as follows;
The number of the students available in the given class. This will
guide a teacher to choose the best method to be applied in teaching the
particular subject that contained in the topics. For example if the class has about the number of student approaching may
be 35 a teacher can easily manage that class easily rather than a big class of 80 students.
Availability of teaching and learning aids. For stance teaching
materials that a teacher use to establish and use to the learners to emphasize
the subject. The instructor will be forced to use a method that will enable the
students to understand the lesson on time and become able to construct such a
subject and run for all students.
Educational philosophy of the country. The philosophy of country
basing on education has got the great effects to the development of the lesson as well as in choosing the methods
which can be used to teach several subject maters in the country.
Teacher’s ability and preference. If the teacher is very competent
to the subject matter in which he or she is teaching the class it’s very easier
for him or her to choose the best method of teaching such a subject.
Cultural aspect of the society. For example if the certain society
has their own behavior in studying a professional teaching actually look to the
class and establish the method which can be easily understood for all students
in a particular class.
Examination
set up. This also limits the method to be applied in teaching such a
subject. For example the teachers always look for the examinations format and
teach the students in a way that make them becoming able to answer such
examination that are facing them.
Time bound. The methods of teaching history are actually bounded by
the time. So for the certain teacher to establish the method of teaching he or
she should consider first the time that available for covering of the topic.
CONLUSSION;
For any teacher who is teaching history he or
she should understand that teaching history is an art, it requires somebody who
is very creative in establishing the subject matter to be applied in teaching
several topics for example teaching colonial economy topic is different from
teaching the topic of nationalism so it need a creative teacher who may create
different methods to be applied depending on the nature of the subject and
topic. In the topic of establishment of colonialism a teacher may use story telling
method the n after start the topic by the historical background of what is colonialism.
it is quite different in teaching others subjects matters.
BIBLIOGRAPHY;
1. Bello
J. Y. (1981). Basic Principle of Teaching. John Willey and Sons Ibadan.
2. Bishop.
(1995) Curriculum Development: A Text book for Student Macmillan
Publishers Limited London
3. Geoffrey
n. brown.(1967) A Guide for Teachers in Africa .George
Allen and Unwin ltd, Nigeria
4. Has
Lucky.(1963).The
Teacher of History, Cambridge university press, Cambridge
5. Hudgins,
B.B. (1971).The Instructional Processes. Rand and Mc Nally company
.Chicago
6. Farrant,
J.S. (1990) Principles and Practices of Education . Longman Group.
UK. Limited Essex
7. Michael,
Murphy (1996) Plain English Dictionary (Harper Collins Publishers
England
8. Nacino,Brown,
R, Oke, F.E.Brown, D.P. (1992) Curriculum and Instruction; An
Introduction to Methods of Teaching. Macmillan Press Limited London
Social Plugin