The following are some
crops in cultivation and its contribution to country’s economy:
COTTON
Cotton is among the major cash crops in the
world. Cotton is mainly used threads which
are used to manufactures or produce clothes. Cotton are sometimes used to
produce cooking oil especially the cotton seeds.
Factors and condition in cotton cultivation
a)
Climate
Cotton is a crop of
subtropical climate. Cotton needs an average a minimum temperature at 600 of Fahrenheit for germination,
70-80 degrees Fahrenheit for Vegative growth, 80-90 degrees Fahrenheit with
cool night during fruiting period.
An annual rainfall
of at least 50cm is minimum requirement for cotton cultivation unless it is
grown on irrigated soils.
b)
Soils
Cotton needs a soil with excellent water holding capacity and aeration
and good drainage as it cannot withstand excessive moisture and water logging.
The major groups of soils for cotton cultivation are the alluvia soils, black
soils and red sand loan.
c)
Fertilizers
Fertilizers application differs from region to region depending upon
available nutrients in the soils. For dry land cotton crop, one hectare of land
needs, 20kg of nitrogen, 18kg of phosphorus and 78kg potash is economical
CONTRIBUTION OF
COTTON IN COUNTRY`S ECONOMY.
It leads to raise
the national income of a country;
Cotton has a great effect to the national as
it leads to the national income when exported as raw material to other
countries. For example, according to Comparative Analysis of Organization and
Performance of African cotton sector by
Collin Puton, University of London , UK, and Wilbard Maro, University,
University of Dar es salaam, Tanzania, under World Bank shows
that
cotton is among one of the major cash crops in Tanzania which leads to
rise country`s economy.
``the value of exports
during the 2004-2005 marketing season was US $903 million and this rose to US
$116.1 million during the 2005/06 marketing season. The total value of
so-called traditional (i.e. major agricultural) export was US 4354.5 million in
calendar year 2005, meaning that cotton contributed about 30% of the value
agricultural export`` p.16 (2009.)
It provides
employment to the people.
Cotton cultivation provides
employment opportunity to the people
in developing countries. For example, according to the reseach of Mr. D.
P Aganual of COTAAP RESEARCH
FOUNDATION, it is written,
``Cotton, being a major agric-crop in India, has a major
impct on overall Indian Agriculture sector. India presently produces 4.59
million tonnes (27 million bales of 170 kg each ) which constitutes 18% of the
world production. 60 million people including 4.5 million farmers in India
depend on cotton for their livelihood``.
Therefore, cotton plays a great role in the
economy as well as employment opportunities in India.
Other
leading countries in cotton production include U.S.A, China, and Sudan many others.
TEA
Tea is an aromatic
beverage commonly prepared by pouring hot or boiling water over cured leaves of
the tea plant. After water, tea is the mostly widely consumed beverage in the
world .It has a cooling, slightly bitter and astringent flavor that many people
enjoy.
There are different stages until tea
is ready to use by consumers such as tea cultivation, tea harvesting, tea
processing, tea tasters, tea production, air-trade-certified tea, worker at
fair –tea certified tea plantations.
CONTRIBUTION OF TEA TO THE COUNTRY’S
ECONOMY
Tea can be used as a
source of employment especially in developing countries;
Tea can be used to reduce the problem of unemployment which is now a big
threat to the whole world.
“Most
of African and Asian citizens relay on
Of
tea for it can be sold to Europe and
America
Everyday.
The more the people involved in
Cultivation
of tea the more the unemployment
Problem
is reduced and so lead to the raise of
National
economy”.
Increase per capital
income is also another contribution of
tea to the national economy;
As individuals involve themselves in
cultivation of tea help them to raise their income day after day.
“Cultivation
of tea helps people of China
To
raise their economy and now most of the
Income
coming from tea cultivation is one
Of
the major contributor and development
Of
this fast growing country in economy”
Tea cultivation may help in boosting
infrastructure in rural areas;
Since tea is cultivated in rural
areas, then these areas may get the
advantages of infrastructure construction because the transportation of
tea from these farms need a good transportation
then the government should make sure
that the ways of transportation are
good and
so this will help
in boosting country’ economy .
“Since
colonial period the ways of
Infrastructure
have been improved in order for an ease transportation of
crops
From
the cultivation areas”.
CATTLE
Is any of various chiefly domesticated
mammals of the including cows, steers
bulls and oxen ,often raised for meat and dairy products .Cattle are
raised as livestock for meat ,as dairy animals for milk and other dairy
products and as draft animals(oxen or bullocks) .
“Cattle
did not originate as the term for borine
Animals
.It was borrowed from Anglo-Norman
Cartel
itself from Latin caput head and originally
Meant
movable personal property.
CONTRIBUTION OF CATTLE TO THE COUNTR’S
ECONOMY
Development of market
infrastructure and institution essential for economic growth;
Milk, meat cost per unit of energy
than staple crops so consumption is low in poor/developing countries .Rising
income and populations result in rapidly increasing demand.
“Market
demand concentrated in urban
Centre
is high”
Development of
electricity energy and power;
Fertilizers and other agro-chemicals
‘liquid fuel and electricity replace human and animal power. This also lead to
the distribution of cattle in the country economy .This is because through
animal manure can produce electricity power which can used for the generation
of other machine for production.
A transformation of
developed country in agriculture;
This is due to the provision of manure
for fertilizer .This can contribute to the development of national economy
because after farmers get manure they can use it for grown their plants which
can result to the good harvesting that can also be sold and earn income.
Cattle farming can
lead to the provision of employment;
Cattle can provide employment to the
people who are un employed and this can contribute to the growth of national
income .This can happen when someone with a ranch can hire people to look after
his/her cattle .
“Labor
hire for the care of livestock is
Usually
based in long term contracts to
Avoid
the problems of uncertainty’.
Development of
industries;
This also is the source of development
for the national income since industries such as those of leathers depend on
the the material available from cattle which in the end these industries
provide employment to the people and so to the development of the country and
economy at large.
SHEEP HUSBANDRY.
Meaning of sheep Husbandry
Sheep
husbandry is a sub category of animal husbandry specifically dealing with the
raising and breeding of domestic sheep.
Sheep
farming is primarly based on raising lambs for meat, or raising sheep for wool.
Sheep maybe also be raised for milk or to sell to other farmers.
The following are
the conditions for sheep rearing:-
Shelter, food,water
and environment of sheep husbandry.
Sheep
are kept in mobs in paddocks, in pens or in a barn. Freshly shorn hoggets can
be very suspectible to wet, windy weather and quickly succumb to exposure.
Sheep have to kept dry for one or two days before rearing so that the fleece is
dry enough to be pressed and to protect the health of the rearers.
Sheep
need fresh water from troughs or ponds. Upon being weaned from ewe`s milk, they
eat hay, grains and grasses.
Sheep
are active grazers where such feed is available at grounds or low levels. They
are given feed twice a day. They need moderate temperature for fresh air.
Example, in Australia sheep in pasture
are often subjected temperature of 40oC (104oF) and
higher without deleterious effects.
Flock management style. There are four
general styke of sheep husbandry to serve the varied asprcts of the sheep
industry in commercial operations, supplying meat and wool are usually either:-
A.
Range band flocks (1000-1500 ewes ); cared for by a
few-full time shepherds.
B.
The Pasture; can be either opend or fenced which
requires the shepherds to live the sheep
as they move through the pasture.
C.
Farm flocks
D. Hobbyist; sheep are
kept to provide a very specialized product such as wool)
ITS CONTRIBUTION TO
COUNTRY`S ECONOMY
It gives foreign
currency to a particular country/producer.
By
rearing sheep, the product that is made from wool, skin and manure are costly
and by exporting these products a country can earn a lot of foreign currency
that enrich total economic growth. Sheep may also be exported for meat purpose.
For example, in Republic of South Africa, the country benefits much from export
of meat and wool production.
``The export earnings
from different woolen products during 1994/95 was Rs. 25773 million. The
contribution of sheep to through
export in the country is around 08%.
Live sheep are also exported for meat purpose. Sheep skin the form of leather
are also exported.``
It contributes to the livelihood of
economically weaker society.
Sheep make a valuable contribution to the
livelihood of the economically weaker section of the society. Amongst the
livestock owners the shepherds are the poorest of the lot.
Sheep husbandry
serves as refinancing agency for the institutions providing investment
and production credit for agriculture and rural development.
Other
leading countries which benefits economically from sheep farming including
U.S.A, Australia, India, Republic of South Africa, Sudann and many others from
difeerent angles of the world.
GOAT FARMING
Goat farming involves
keeping goats as the crop to be taken care .Currently, goat farming have been
famous farming because there are several products which are so useful produced
by goats .Such products are milk,skin,meat and manure.
CONTRIBUTION OF GOAT
FARMING IN COUNTRY’S ECONOMY
Special case 1: INDIA
Majority of Indians depend on the goat farming
as their major farming activities as well as their economic activities .Also it
is included as the majority of the population because the big population of the
Indian lives in rural areas, hence it provides income and employment to these
people. In the views on goat farming, Shalander Kumar who is the great
researcher in India wrote in his doctrine called agricultural economic Research
Review by saying:
“Goats
are important part of rural economy
,
particularly in the arid, semi-arid and mountainous
Regions
of the country”
Nationaly,the goat
farming activities have the great impact because it takes a large portion in
contributing the Indian income. Kumar in this report says:
“With
more than 124 million population, goats
Account
for more than 25% of the total livestock in
The
country and contribute Rs 106335 million
Annually
to the national economy “.
This figure implies
the role of goats farming in the economy of India and it is shown that it
contribute 25% to the National livestock income.
Also goat farming provides food in
terms of meat and nutrients in milt form. This help to improve diet and health
in whole .Kumar in his research says:
“Goat
farming provides food and national security
To
the millions of marginal and small farmers and
Agricultural
laborers”.
Therefore this shows
how goat farming has the great impact to the economy of India.
Special case 2:
GREECE
In Greece, the goat
and sheep farming is considered as one thing .In the research done by the
Agricultural University of Athens, it is found;
The
farming of sheep and goats is the most
Important
activity in the animal production sector
Of
Greece’ both in terms of employment
(300000
families) and overall income (45% of
The
gross value of animal production)”.
This implies that in
large amount, the economy of Greece depends on sheep and a goat farming as it
is the major animal production activity in the country.
CONCLUSION
Cultivation and
livestock play a great role in any country’s economy so these two should be
given a priority in order to raise country’s economy. These two are important
figures especially in developing countries since in these countries, most of
their citizens have low per capital income and also low education and
technology but since cultivation and livestock can be performed by people with
even low or poor technology then it is time for it to be given a priority so as
to strengthen national economy and to bring about development.
Social Plugin