Colonialism
is the situation where by stronger country come across its boundaries and
dominate weaker country in economical
politically socially and cultural.
Colonial
rule is a policy by which a nation maintain or extends its control over foreign
dependence
“Colonialism has been understood in
variety of ways since the concept was formalized the cities of their Aegean
peninsulas, human societies have sent. Their citizens to distant land, creating
new iteration of their ways of life in distant l settlement often in the
process, one society sought to dominate another, extending politically
economically and some time even social power over another people”[1]
Colonial
rule refer to ruling system which was practiced in certain colony or is the
regulation which is practiced by colonialist in their colonies
“Is the occupation and control of
one nation by another”[2]
Social
activities, relates to a number of concepts in the social science and
philosophy or activity considered appropriate on social occasion.
Colonial
social activities are those activities which were done by education or by
colonial rule such as provision of education, building settlement supply water
to the people and other
HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND OF UGANDA
Uganda
located in the Eastern region of Africa, situated between latitutde 100
300 south and North. The
country is bordered by the Republic of Kenya in the East, Tanzania and Rwanda
in the South, the Democratic of Congo in the west and Sudan in the North.
Uganda gained her independence on October 9th, 1962. Since 1894 sh
was a British protectorate that was put together from some very organized
kingdom and chieftaincies that inhabited the lake regions of Central Africa.
Uganda
was greatly along national regions and ethnics line. The national divisions
were the most apparent. The country was
dominated by Buganda, much to the annoyance of the other four kingdom. The
kingdom of Bunyoro, felt especially aggrieved having been deprived of its lost
countries when Uganda become a British protectorate.
The
British Protector able of Uganda was a protectorate of the British empire from 1894 to 1962. In
1893 the imperia; British East African
company transferred its administration rights of territory consisting
mainly of Buganda Kingdom to the British Government. In 1894 Uganda
protectorate was established and territory was extended beyond the border of
Buganda to an area that roughly corresponds to that of present day Uganda.
Colonial
social activities are those activities which were done by education or by
colonial rule such as provision of education, building settlement supply water
to the people and other as following:-
Education.
In education system boys were likely to be educated to the primary and
secondary levels than girls. In the side of high education there was Makerere
University which established 1922 in Kampala which was the first college in
East Africa where people were trained
for government employment.
Religion.
In Uganda one third of the population is Roman Catholic one third is protestant
and like 16 percent is Muslim, 18 percent believed in local religions including
various millenarian religion. In bantu speaking isolates many local religions
includes a belief in creator God. Most local religions Grooved belief in
ancestral and other spirits, and people offer prayers and sacrifices to
symbolize respect for the deal and maintain proper relationship among the
living.
Building
church and spread of Christian religion.
The occurred at the time when British and chief collaborated with British in
the conquest and rule of surrounding states. As a reward British signed a
treaty with Uganda in 1900, which was granted the chiefs, positions of
authority and large estate
“British interest in Uganda began
with the explorer John Hanning Speke 1862 and expanded with the arrival of
British protestant missionaries in 1877 and the imperial British East Africa
company in 1890, in the wake of these contacts and in the context of Europe’s “Scramble for Africa” British
established a protect orated over the kingdom of Buganda in 1894”[3]
Health
care. In the sparsely populated northern district, people sometimes travel long
distance to receive medical care and facilities are inferior to those in the
South. Those who live far from or can not afford modern care depend on
traditional care. Women are prominent among traditional heater.
Building
of education and building schools. At that time the colonialist built school
which assisted them to get professional assistant in their activities such as
supervisor in plantation, in administration and also to obtain best production
from their economic activities
“The new field of study was
painfully developed over several generations by learned missionaries, by
government officials with an academic bent and by professional scholars African
academic pioneers also began to make their contribution to the study of their
own content”[4]
Another
social activities was building of health centers. These could assist them to
get some medication and other services during the economic and administration
activities during the colonial domination.
“In Uganda after treaties which
made by chiefs from Uganda, the colonialist could establish more social and
economic activities which could enable them to simplify all their basic needs”[5]
They
building infrastructures like road, railway. During the coloniali rule more
infrastructure could built which enabled the colonialist to increase capability
of production inplanttion, such as to transport raw materials from production zone
to the area where there is processing industry. Also at the same time those
infrastructure could enable
There
were various or social impacts which were granted by the colonial rule in
Uganda and those were as following:-
It
led to the creation of social stratification. This occurs where by some tribe
become ruling class while others suppliers of cheap labour differences among
the people and regions.
The ruling system in Uganda could
created class and this facilitated the broken of unity among the people of
Uganda”[6]
Therefore
the people of Uganda especially indigenous were not in unity during the
colonial rule.
Spread
of western education. During the colonial rule in Uganda most of education
which spread was from western part and lead to the disappearance of tradition
of tradition education and even Islamic themes dismissed. All societies have
practiced a form of public education. Is the form which families and societies
transfer believes, values and skills between generation. Knowledge were learned
in informed setting in the home, church and through work and pay. It has only
been in the past 200 years that public education has become more formalized
taking place in schools with an added emphasis on literacy and numeracy reading
writing and mathematics
Also
colonial rule brought disunity. This disunity occurred among the Africans and
it promoted regionalism in Uganda, Buganda wanted an independent state from the entire Uganda.
“A first the loyalty of the
Christian Buganda demonstrated clearly the allegiance of the leading chiefs to
the new authority of Britain British to assist in putting down the revolt and
expenditure of this money equality as or more effectively”[7]
The
improvement of infrastructures. During the colonial rule most of infrastructure
in Uganda were improved by the colonialist and they did so as to facilitate the
activities of the domination, example they created road for transportation of
raw materials, manufactured goods, and other administrators in that time
“After coming the colonial regime in Uganda most of infrastructure
were created by colonial rule and were done so as to create the smooth was for
domination effectively and simplify
their economic activities”[8]
Distruction of African culture. During
the colonial rule in Uganda European especially British could introduce some of
customs or element that could destruct the African culture example the
situation of warship in tree was forbidden that led to the undermine the
African culture.
Destruction of people. Colonial economic
and political practices resulted in the massive movement of people in most
African colonies. In some locates migration were primarily from one rural area
to another. In othe place the migration was from rural to urban areas. Social
and cultural beliefs and practices were challenged by these migrations.
Dislocation of families. Families were
often split up by migration. Example men recruited to work in mines and on
plantation often had to leave their families behind. As a result women and
adolescents were forced to take on new roles and to cope in absence of their
husbands and fathers.
Urbanization. A number of pre-colonial African societies
had towns and small cities. However in these societies most people were engaged
in agriculture in rural villages or homesteads. During colonialism urbanization
occurred fairly rapidly in many African colonies. These changes often
challenged existing values beliefs and social practices.
Religious changes. There was a
significant changes in religious belief and practice as a result of
colonialism. At the beginning of the colonial era less than five percent of the
people in Africa identified themselves as Christian. In today nearly fifty percent
of the people in Africa identify themselves as Christian. Colonial role
provided an environment in which Christianity in many forms spread in many
party of Africa.
Therefore during the colonial rule in
Uganda and their activities such as introduction of education, social services
they could lead positive and negative impact to the Uganda societies as destruction of African culture,
traditional dressing styles and so on.
REFFERENCE:-
Assa Okoth
(2006) A HISTORY OF AFRICAN VOL-1, East Africa Education publishers Ltd
B. A. Ogot and Kieran
91971) A SURVEY OF EAST AFRICA HISTORY;
Longman, Nairobi.
Lewis H, Gann (1973) COLONIALISM IN AFRICA 1870-1960
Likaka (2009) NAMING COLONIALISM, HISTORY AND
COLLECTIVE MEMORY IN THE CONGO 1870-1960
Osumaka,
Likaka (2009) NAMING COLONIALISM,
HISTORY AND COLLECTIVE MEMORY IN THE CONGO 1870-1960
T.O. Ranger (1961) EMERGING THEMES IN AFRICA HISTORY;
East Africa Published House
Wayne Doling (2007) SLAVERY
EMANCIPATION AND COLONIAL RULE IN SOUTH AFRICA;
Social Plugin